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, W. TRURAN.

MACHINE FOR MAKING WROUGHT NAILS.

Patented Mar. 31, 1885.

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'W. TRURAN.

- MACHINE FOR MAKING WROUGHT NAILS.

No. 314,894. Patented Mar. 31, 1885.

(No ModeL) a Sheets-Sheet a. W. TRURAN.

MACHINE FOR MAKING WROUGHT NAILS.

Patented Mar. 31,1885.

V n A A i u UNITED STATES PATENT I OFFICE.

WILLIAM TRURAN. OF ALLEGHENY CITY. PENNSYLVAFIA, ASSlGNOR TO THEPITTSBURG STEEL NAIL COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

MACHINE FOR MAKING WROUGHT NAILS.

SPECIFICATION forming part. of Letters Patent No 3l4,894, dated March31, 1885.

Application liled Ju y 8, 1534. (X0 moile.)

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, WILLIAM TE'URAN, of Allegheny City, in the county ofAllegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Nail, Spike, and Bolt Machines; and I do hereby declarethe following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to nail, spike, and bolt machines, having specialreference to machines for forming the articles from rods or wire, itsobject being to improve the construction of the machine shown anddescribed in Letters Patent No. 278,629, granted to WVilliam Taylor, May29, 1883. Its object is to improve the mechanism for operating theheader, the feeding mechanism, the gripping apparatus, and apparatus forknocking off or breaking the finished nail from the rod, as well as toimprove the machine in other particulars.

It consists, essentially, in combining with the reciprocatingheader-bar, having an en gaging-lug extending out from one side thereof,a cam mounted on a shaft at right angles to and on a different planefrom said reciprocating bar, said cam having a shoulder for pressingback the header-bar, and a continuous concentric face the full diameterof the cam extending from said shoulder to the point where the bar isfreed to strike the blow, and said continuous face pressing against thelug, so that the cam acts to both withdraw the bar and hold it backuntil the next headingstroke and then release it.

It also consists in mechanism for adjusting and taking up wear on theheader-bar and its lu It also consists in feeding mechanism having oneor more friction-wheels binding upon the wire with sufficient force tohold it and feed it forward until grasped by the grippers, and on thereturn of the feeding mechanism i traveling along the wire and draw onit sufficiently to straighten it.

It also consists in forming the bearing-face of the feeding wheel orwheels corrugated, so that the wheels will not only hold the wire andfeed it forward, but as the wheels travel back along the wire it willalso be corrugated or roughened thereby.

It also consists in connecting the sliding reciprocating plate of thefeeding mechanism with the vibrating bar, imparting the motion theretoby a double-pivot link, thus giving greater freedom to the movement ofthe plate and allowing of its removal from its guides withoutdisconnecting from the vibrating bar.

It also consists in a sliding connection between the pivotedreciprocating bar and the pit-man of the eccentric, thus allowing of atrue vertical vibration o l'the eccentric-pitman within its guides.

It also consists in certain improvements in the construction of thegripping apparatus to overcome and take up the wear of the parts andpreventthe binding of the slides upon each other.

It also consists in a verticallymoving knocker-off bar and mechanism foroperating it, as well as in certain other details of constructionhereinafter set forth.-

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willdescribe its construction and operation, referring to the accompanyingdrawings, in which-- Figure 1 is a plan view .of my improved machine,the top plates of the slide-guides be.- ing removed. section through theline of feed. Fig. 3 is a front end view. Fig. 4 is an enlarged detailview of the header-bar and cam. Fig. 5 is a like view of theknocker-ofif cam and lever.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged side view, partly broken away, of thereciprocating feeding mechanism. Fig. 7 is a face view on the line at00, Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a horizontal sectional view of the diebox, showingalso part of the gripper-slides. Fig. 9 is a cross-section of thedie-box'and the grippers, showing one of the gripper-slides inlongitudinal section. Fig. 10 is alongitudinal section of the grippercam and slide. Fig. 11

is a view of another form of dies for forming staples. Fig. 12 is aperspective view of the shears; and Figs. 13 to 15 are views of thenails and other articles formed in the machine.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in each..

The frame of the machine is formed of sufficient strength to withstandthe jars and strains of the operation thereof, having the bed-plate Aand the supporting standards A connected by suitable braces tostrengthen it. The power- Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central.

shaft a is journaled in bearings 0t, and provided with the fly-wheelsaand band-wheels a and carrying the header-cam B, shear-cams O,gripper-cam D, knocker-off cam E, and the adjustable crank F at the endthereof for imparting a reciprocating motion to the feeding mechanism.This crank F is constructed substantially as described in said patent,and has the pitman F passing through the vertical guide F and connectedto the vibrating bar F pivoted to a bar extending forward from theopposite side of the bed-plate A, the vibrating bar fitting within thehorizontal guide E, and being held therein by'a bolt at the end. Thepitman F and bar F are connected by a sliding joint, f, which allows ofa true vertical vibration of the pitman in its vertical guide F andrelieves the crank-pin of strain, and at the same time permits of a truehorizontal vibration of the bar F when operating the feeding mechanism.This slidingjoint is formed of the sleeve f, pivoted at the end of thepitman and fitting over the cylindrical stem f of the bar F and as thepitrnan moves in its course the stem f of the bar F slides back andforth within the sleeve f the sleeve turning slightly around thecylindrical stem f according to the throw of the pitman.

At the forward end of the bed-plate in the line of feed is a dovetailedrecess, in which the base-plate G of the feeding apparatus slides, thisbase-plate being connected to the vibrating bar F and a reciprocatingmotion being imparted thereto by the bar. The connection between the barF and plate G is formed by the double-pivot link G, pivoted on thestandard G of the base-plate, the rod or wire being fed to the machinethrough an opening in said standard under the link. By thisdouble-pivot-link connection the baseplate and feeding mechanism can bedrawn into and out of the guides without disconnecting it from the bar,and the feeding mechanism can therefore be more rapidly and easilychanged or adjusted.

On the base-plate G is the bearing 9, in which is mounted the bent leverg, at the for ward end of which, in a journal-bar, 9 is thefeeding-wheel g", the bar extending up through the lever, and being heldtherein by a set-screw. The forward end of the lever is forked, andextends on each side of the standard gflover the spring g around saidstandard, the upper end of the standard being threaded, and ahand-wheel, g, screwed thereon above the forked end of the lever. Thefeedingwheel is grooved to receive the rod or Wire, which passes throughthe standard g and rests on the base-plate under the wheel 9 or 011 thelower feeding-wheel, 9 mounted therein, and is held by said wheel orwheels and pushed forward thereby on the movement of the baseplate,being fed the proper length for a spike or nail, and then grasped by thegrippers, and on the return of the base-plate the feedingwheel travelsover the rod or wire, and on ac-' count of the binding of the wheel onthe wire as it is held by the grippers the wheel draws on the Wirebetween it and the grippers and stretches and straightens it.

In practice I find that but one feedingwheel is necessary; but it is insome cases desirable to roughen or corrugate the body of the nail, asshown in Fig. 14, and in this case two feeding-Wheels are'employed, andthe grooves within which the wire fits are corrugated, as shown in 'Fig.7, and on the return of the feeding mechanism these wheels travelingover the wire press the corrugations therein. The pressure of thefeeding wheel or wheels is regulated by the hand-wheel according to thethickness of rod orwire employed.

In the line of feed beyond the feeding mechanism is the block A-integral with the bed plate A, and supported against and bolted to thisblock is the die-box H, within which the grippers and shears work. Onegripper, h, is stationary, and is adjusted by suitable means within orat the side of the box. The other gripper, h, has a bar, If, extendingthrough the box, and having a spring, h confined between thev side ofthe box, and a nut, ht, screwed on the end of the bar, this springholding the grippers open, except when pressed together, as hereinafterdescribed. In line with this bar It is the slide h working in guides andhaving a beveled face, (2, at the outer end. At right angles to thisslide h is the slide D, having the beveled face d, and provided at theother end with the idle-roller D working against the cam D.

In the machine heretofore used it was found that the grippers wereliable to spread open at the forward end or wear off at the end, andconsequently the rod or wire would be forced back and kinked within thegrippers bythc heading-blow, and also that the gripper-slides would bindso tightly that the slide D would not be drawn 'back by the spring W,and the grippers would not open.

To overcome the spreading or opening of the 7 forward end of thegrippers, the standards 8 are secured to the bed-plate in front of thenuts h on the gripper-bars h", and adjusting-screws 8', extended throughthe standards against said bars h ,or nuts on the bars, so that thepressure at the front of the grippers is sustained by said standardsthrough the bars h and nuts h the nut If on the movablegripper-bar'sliding over said adjusting-screw 8. By this means thegrippers can be adjusted so that they bind on the rod or wire over theirentire face or only at the forward end, and any un- 7 even wear on thefaces of the grippers may be taken up. By this device the strain on thegripper-slides and the cam is relieved to a great extent, and thetendency of the slides to bind is decreased.

To prevent the slides 7L5 from binding too hard on the slide D, and toregulate its back movement, the slot t is formed in the slide,-

and a screw-bolt, 1', extends through the top plate, V, of the guidethereof, the bolt having an eccentric-lug, that the base thereofextending into said slot, the back movement being regulated by turningthe screw and changing the position of the lug in the slot as the endwall of the slot strikes against the lug on the bolt. These devices maybe employed with the shear-slides, if so desired. The friction betweenthe faces of the gripper-cam D and the idle-roller D in the slide D isso great as to rapidly Wear a groove into the face of the gripper-cam,so that it is necessary to frequently replace the cam. This wear is ofcourse only on that portion of the face of the cam employed to presstogether the grippers, and to overcome the necessity of employing a newcam when so worn I have formed in that portion of the cam a groove forthe reception of the removable shoe it, held in place by countersunkbolts, or by set-screws a, as shown in Figs. 1 and 10, the entire wearon the face ofthe cam being taken by this shoe u, and when it is wornout it only being necessary to replace this shoe. The shears 0 c areoperated from the shear-cams 0 through the slides 0' O in substantiallythe manner described in said patent, and they extend into the die-box H,

across the course of the rod or wire, and shear off the wire asufficient distance from the face of the grippers to leave metal for thehead of the article made extending beyond the grippers. Where a pointednail or spike is desired, the shears have V-shaped recesses in theirfaces and clearances on each side thereof, and the rod or wire issheared off and pointed by them.

To form a chisel-point on the articles, I eniploy the dies illustrated,having the plain faces 0 beveled, corresponding to the taper or bevel ofthe chisel-point desired, and ashearing-edge, 0 to cut the rod or wire,the shears acting to out off the nail or other article, and compress orswage its end between the plain beveled faces 0, thus flattening out theend thereof and spreading it between the faces 0 without removing anystock. The header bar or ram L is mounted in bearings L, and is actuatedby a powerful spring or springs, L confined around rods between the bodyof the ram and a yoke, Z, secured to an' adjustingscrew, 1, passingthrough the rearbearing, L, the impetus imparted to the header beingregulated by this adjusting-screw according to the size or shape of thehead, these parts being substantially as shown in said patent. Theheader-cam B is of peculiar shape, being concentric with the shaft a forabout threefourths of its circumference, as at Z), and having thedepression b and the shoulders b"b at each end of the depression, theconcentric portion pressinga-gainst the stop-lug m of the header-bar,and so holding back the bar until the shoulder b of the cam passes thelug,when the bar is freed and shot forward by the springs to upset theportionof the rod or wire extending beyond the grippers, and so form thehead, the lug m entering the depression b ,and the shoulder I) of thecam then engaging with and slowly pressing back the header until theconcentric portion b is brought opposite the lug, the headerbar beingthus retracted, held, and released by this cam, and all its opera tionsbeing controlled thereby.

As the faces of the cam B and lug m are subject to wear, I have providedmechanism for adjusting the lug, the lug being secured to the bar by abolt, m, extending through the slot m and secured by a nut, m on theupper surface, the slot allowing of the adjustment of the lug, and, backof the lug, rigidly secured in theheader-bar, is the threaded loop a,through which the adj usting-screw n works against the rear face of thelug m,- and to adjust the lug the nut m is loosened and the lug pressedforward by the adjustingscrew it, and the nut m then screwed tight, thelug m being thus held firmly to place by the nut and bolt and theadjusting mechanism. As the reciprocating or sliding motion of theheader-bar L in its bearing L is very rapid, it is of course subject towear, and to take up the wear in the bearings L the wearing-plates Z"rest on the bar within the bearings, and are connected to theadjustingscrews Z", extending through the cap of the bearing, and thusact to prevent lost motion of the header-bar. This may also be employedthe cam. The spring 9 for retracting the lever fits around a rod, 19,secured to the lever between the standard and idle-roller, and extendingthrough the bed-plate, the spring being confined between the undersurface of the be'dplate and the nut As the motion of the lever E isnecessarily quick, it increases the noise of the machine, and toovercome this a rubber sleeve, p, is placed around the rod above thebed-plate, the sleeve acting as a cushion to the lever and deadening thesound. The lever E is bent, as shown in Fig. 1, to bring it-to the lineof feed of the machine, and supports at its end the forked arm 0', whichextends on either side of the vertically-moving knocker-off bar r,thisbar being mounted in the bracket 15, bolted on top of the die-box H, sothat the course of movement of the bar 1" is across the line of feed atthe point where the article is sheared, the bar 7' serving to sever orbreak off any fin-connection between the article and the rod or wire. Aspring, 1*, is confined between the lower bearing of the bracket and apin passing through I the bar r, and the forked arm r extends above thispin. The lug e on the cam raises the lever E, and the forked arm 1"presses down the knocker-off bar to strike the blow, the bar be ingretracted by the spring 7 and the lever by the spring 1), and cushionedby the sleeve 19*.

The operation of the machine is as follows: The cam F is adjusted sothat the feeding mechanism feeds forward the proper length of wire, andthe hand wheel 9 is turned to raise the feeding-wheel 9 The rod or wireis then fed forward through openings in the standard G 'and g under thewheel g until its forward end extends beyond the grippers h h. The wheelg is then freed by the hand-wheel 9, so that the spring presses itagainst the wire, and the machine-is set in motion. The grippers h hthen close on and hold the wire, and the shears c 0 cut off the endof'the rod, and the scrap end is knocked off by the vertically-movingbar r, leaving the proper amount for the head extending beyond thegrippers. The header bar or ram L is then released by the cam B, and theheader is shot forward by the springs and upsets the portion extendingbe yond the grippers, forming the head of the nail, and is immediatelywithdrawn and held by the cam, as above described. During theseoperations the vibrating rod F has drawn back the feeding mechanism,causing the feeding-wheel to roll over and stretch the wire between itand the grippers, and so straighten it, and to travel back over the wirethe proper distance for the length of the nail. The grippers then open,and on the forward movement of the vibrating bar the wheel 9, holding onthe rod or wire, feeds it forward the proper distance, and the grippersagain close on it. Theshears then shear off the finished nail, and theknocking off bar strikes it a blow, as before described, to insure itsbeing severed from the wire. The operation is then continued as abovedescribed. In case a corrugated nail is desired, the feeding-wheelshaving the corrugated biting-faces are employed.

The several parts of the machine have a positive operation and but fewparts are employed, and the machine being simplified as far as possible,it is not liable to get out of order. The parts are adjustable, so thatany wear can be taken up, and for these reasons the machine is much moredurable than the machine described in said patent.

Different forms of dies may of course be employed with the machine,according to the article to be formed, the dies shown in Fig. 11 beingemployed for the formation of the staples shown in Fig. 15, the forwardends, 1), of the grippers h It being recessed, so that a greater lengthof wire is left between the grippers and shears, and one gripper havingthe back wardly-extending face or anvil v, and the end of the header Lcorresponds in shape to the recessed grippers and forces the portionextending beyond them down into the anvil 22, thus forming the bentportions of the staple.

No special claim is made herein for this staple or the dies, as separateapplications were and on a different plane from the ram and en gagingwith said lug, said cam having releasing and withdrawing shoulders and adepression between them, and a continuous concentric face the fulldiameter of the cam extending from said withdrawing-shoulder to saidreleasing-shoulder, substantially as and for the pur poses set forth.

2. In combination with the spring-actuated header bar or ram mounted inbear ngs and having the lug m on the'under face thereof, the cam B,mounted on a' shaft below and at right angles to said header-bar, andhaving the concentric face b,-shoulders b b, and depression b",substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

3. In combination with the reciprocating header-bar L, carrying thethreaded loop a, the lug m, adjustably secured to the headerbar, andadjusting-screw a, passing through loop and fitting against said lug m,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. In combination with the reciprocating slide, hearings or guidestherefor having the adjusting-screws Z extending through the top platesof the bearings and carrying wearingplates Z substantially as and forthe purposes set forth.

5. In nail and like machines, the combination, with the grippers, ofreciprocating feed ing mechanism carrying one or more feedingwheelsbinding upon the rod or wire, so as to feed it forward, and on thereturn of the feeding mechanism stretch and straighten it, substantiallyas set forth.

6. In nail or like machines, the combina tion, with the grippers, ofreciprocating feeding mechanism carrying one or more feedingwheelshaving corrugated working faces and binding upon the wire, so as to holdand feed forward the rod or wire, and on the return of the feedingmechanism travel over and corrugate it, substantially as set forth.

7. The combination of the reciprocating base-plate G, having thestandard 9, lever g, carrying the feeding-wheel g and extending over oraround said standard, spring 9 and hand-wheel g substantially as and forthe purposes set forth.

8. The combination of the reciprocating base-plate G, mounted in guidesin the bedplate, pivoted vibrating bar F and doublepivot link G, pivotedto the base-plate and vibrating bar, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

9. The combination of the pivoted vibrating bar F the horizontal guideF, crank F,

pitman F, fitting within the vertical guide F and the sliding joint f,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

10. In combination with the horizontallyvibrating bar F having thecylindrical stem f the vertically-vibrating pitman F, and the sleeve f,pivoted at the end of the pitman and fitting over said stem,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

11. In combination with the die-box, the gripper having the bar If,extending out at the side of the box, the standard 8, and adjustingscrew s, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

12. In combination with the reciprocating slide Working in a guide inthe bed-plate and having the slot z, the bolt i, extending through thetop plate of the guide, and having the eccentric-lug fitting in saidslot, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

13. In nail-machine apparatus, the combination of the slide D, havingthe idle-roller D" and the cam D, said cam having a groove in a portionof the Working face thereof in the course of the idle-roller, and theremovable shoe u, fitting within said groove, substantially as and forthe purposes set forth.

14. The combination of the cam E, lever E operated thereby, andretracting-spring, the vertically-moving bar 0', mounted in the brack=et 15, and the spring 1*, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

15. The combination of the vertically-mov ing bar r, mounted in thebracket t, spring 1, confined within said bracket under a pin in saidbar, and power-lever E, having the forked arm 1*, extending on eitherside of said bar above said pin, substantially as and for the purposesset forth.

16. The combination of the cam E, lever E, operated by said cam, andhaving its opposite end connected to suitable mechanism operatedthereby, the rod 1), secured to the lever and extending through the bedplate, and the spring 12 and rubber sleeve 11 around said rod,substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony whereof I, the said WVILLIAM TRURAN, have hereunto set myhand.

WILLIAM TRURAN.

\Vitnesses:

J. W. LITTLE, WM. M. VoGLEsoN.

